Copper Overload in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, and Dietary Management

What is copper overload (copper hepatopathy)?

Copper overload, also called copper hepatopathy, is a liver disease in dogs in which copper accumulates in the liver . This can lead to serious liver damage. It is more common in breeds such as Labrador Retrievers, Doberman Pinschers, Bedlington Terriers, and West Highland White Terriers .

Why does copper accumulation occur?

·        Copper overload occurs when a dog consumes more copper than it needs through its diet and is sensitive to it. This is not the case for the vast majority of dogs.
·        Since the 1990s, copper chelates have been used instead of copper oxide. These are better absorbed, increasing the risk of copper accumulation. Sensitive breeds are therefore more likely to develop liver problems due to copper.

Prevention is better than cure

·        Choose a food that contains a low to normal amount of copper: approximately 5–15 mg per 1000 kcal. Sensitive dogs with copper accumulation (copper hepatopathy) do better on diets containing approximately 1.2–1.3 mg of copper per 1000 kcal.

Symptoms of copper hepatopathy

• Decreased appetite
• Weight loss
• Listlessness
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
• Enlarged liver
  

Treatment and diet

Treatment consists of a combination of medication and dietary management:

• Medication : D-penicillamine (removes copper through urine), zinc (reduces absorption), antioxidants and vitamin E. Consult your veterinarian.
• Diet : Special dog food with a very low copper content. These contain approximately 1.2–1.3 mg of copper per 1000 kcal, significantly lower than standard food. Consult your veterinarian.
  

Homemade diet for dog liver problems

For dogs that refuse commercial food, a veterinarian can create a low-copper diet . Important guidelines:

• Avoid organ meats, shellfish, mushrooms, and green leafy vegetables.
• Use lean meat (beef, chicken, or salmon) combined with white rice or couscous.
• Add a supplement to prevent deficiencies.
  

In summary

Our dog kibble contains 5 mg of copper per 1000 kcal, except for Lamb & Rice, Pressed Salmon, and Adult Mini. These three varieties contain 15 mg of copper per 1000 kcal, which is ideal for dogs that are not sensitive and don't suffer from copper accumulation.

With proper treatment and a low-copper diet, a dog with copper hepatopathy can often maintain a good quality of life for many years. Early diagnosis and consistent dietary adjustments are crucial.

For more information, email info@bfpetfood.nl or use the contact page.